
Rev. E. Anderson
RELIABILITY OF THE BIBLE
Dan Bloomfield oversees teaching courses at
Talbot Street Christian Centre, Nottingham. Here,
he answers the critics who question the reliability of the Bible
The reliability of the Bible is a huge topic and my aim in writing this is to give confidence about this amazing book and answer some of the arguments put forward by critics.
The Bible is unique. Here are a few facts and figures about it:
There are 66 books, written by about 40 authors in three languages over a period of around 1,500 years. The Bible sells roughly 100 million copies every year and has been translated into 97 per cent of the world’s languages.
What makes it more unique is the story that it tells. The Bible is an account of the ways in which God has intervened in human history, giving a unique explanation of the moral and spiritual factors behind the historical narrative.
In order to answer critical arguments it is necessary to look at the Bible from an unbiased point of view, subjecting it to a number of tests, some of which are applied to other classical documents. These are: manuscripts, archaeology, prophecy, statistics and unity.
Manuscript
Within this category there is a further subdivision into three sections - bibliographic, eyewitness and external. The bibliographic test looks at how many manuscripts there are, the dates of these manuscripts and the variations between them. In this category the Bible is leagues ahead of any other classical manuscript.
The earliest manuscripts we have of the New Testament were written in about 125 AD, only 25-50 years after the originals were written, and there are about 24,000 manuscript copies. Compare this to classical works about Caesar or Tacitus. Here only a handful of manuscript copies survived and these are around 1,000 years older than the originals.
There are also strikingly few variations in these Biblical manuscripts, especially given the sheer number of manuscripts. There is a 99.5 per cent agreement between all the manuscripts and the remaining percentage relates to spelling mistakes and word order, which don’t change the meaning of the text.
The same is true of the Old Testament, albeit to a slightly lesser extent. There are over 14,000 manuscripts and fragments in existence, including the Dead Sea scrolls. These are 1,000 years older than any previously found manuscript, but are 95 per cent identical to those which had already been discovered. Again, the remaining 5 per cent were mainly slips of the pen and spelling mistakes.
Looking at eyewitness
evidence, we find that the Bible again presents a strong case for itself. This test focuses on the authenticity of the accounts within the Bible. We can see that most events in the Bible are eyewitness accounts from their authors. One of the best examples of this is the Gospel of Luke.
The final test of this section is that of external evidence. This looks at whether or not the historical events, geographical location and cultural references in the Bible are reliable by checking other sources. Many of the events in the Bible are described in secular histories, lending the Bible even more credibility.
Archaeology
Nelson Glueck, a respected Jewish archaeologist said, ‘It must be stated categorically, that no archaeological discovery has ever contradicted a Biblical reference.’
This sums up quite neatly the amount of archaeological evidence for the Bible. Indeed, secular scholars have often been forced to rewrite their criticisms of the Bible based on archaeological finds. Sir William Ramsey is one well known example.
Prophecy
Obviously, the Bible is full of prophecies, many of which have been fulfilled with 100 per cent accuracy. Unsurprisingly, however, critics have pored over these prophecies trying to show that the Bible predicted wrongly.
If they could prove this then huge swathes of the Bible could be discounted. For a time critics argued that many prophecies were written after the event rather than before and that the authors had merely dressed the Bible up to make it look like prophecy. The discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls and other ancient manuscripts helped silence their criticisms.
As Jesus is the culminating theme of the Old Testament, it is unsurprising that there are more prophecies about him than any other person. The fact that all of these have been proven correct in the New Testament is quite a persuasive argument.
Statistics
This is final test which classical documents undergo. This links in with the prophetic theme, as the probability that all of the prophecies could be fulfilled by chance, guess work or deceit is statistically ridiculous, pointing to the authenticity of the Bible.
Unity
The one test unique to the Bible concerns its unity. Imagine questioning a cross-section of society, from the extremely wealthy to the very poor, from nearly every walk of life, on three different continents, over a 1,000 year period. If you asked them to put their reflections, thoughts and feelings about God into writing, using all their different writing styles, what kind of book do you think you’d end up with? The idea that there would be any continuity and consistency is laughable, but the Bible shows otherwise.